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  Mount Chimborazo

  EcuadorSouth America

  If you were asked, "What is the highest mountain on earth?", most people would answer Mount Everest. However, if we look at it from the perspective of "the farthest point from the center of the earth", the answer changes. Because the Earth is not a perfect sphere and swells near the equator, the summit of Mount Chimborazo (6,263 m) in Ecuador is a whopping 6,384.4 km from the center of the Earth, slightly above Mount Everest (6,382.3 km). This scientific fact alone makes Mt. Chimborazo special. A trip to such a geologically unique mountain is an intellectual adventure that goes beyond mere climbing.
  
  
  

  Silver volcanoes, equatorial snow
  
  

  Located on the west side of the Andes Mountains, about 150 km southwest of Quito, the capital of Ecuador, Mount Chimborazo is a dormant volcano with an altitude of 6,263 m. Its name means "snowy mountain" in the local Quechua language, and as the name suggests, the year-round snow-covered peak can be seen from more than 100 km away on a clear day.

  Particularly attractive is the geographical feature of being located just 1 degree south of the equator. It is a seemingly contradictory landscape of permafrost and glaciers in the tropics. The glaciers of Mount Chimborazo, which can be said to be the last surviving ice age on the South American continent, are gradually decreasing due to the effects of global warming, so it can be said that it is a valuable natural phenomenon that should be seen now.
  
  
  

  The challenge of a mountain with five peaks
  
  

  Mount Chimborazo has five peaks: "Beintemilla", "Politocnica", "Nicolas Martinez", "Wittingham" and "Hallberg". Although it is not a technically difficult mountain, the impact of the altitude cannot be underestimated. There are two main climbing routes: the regular El Castillo route and the more technically difficult Wittingham route.

  Even if you are a complete beginner, with an experienced local guide and the right equipment, you can try your hand at climbing the "El Castillo" route. Normally, we stay overnight at the 4,800-metre-altitude Carre-Hasu Refugio or the 5,000-metre Whitlingham Refugio, and depart around midnight to reach the summit before sunrise. From the top of the mountain, you can see a panorama of the Andean mountains floating above the sea of clouds, and sometimes even the Pacific Ocean.
  
  
  

  Follow in the footsteps of Humboldt and Bolívar
  
  

  Mount Chimborazo also has an interesting history. At the beginning of the 19th century, the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt made a pioneering study in which he climbed to the highest point (about 5,875 m) reachable with the technology of the time and observed the effects on the human body at heights.

  Simón Bolívar, the hero of the liberation of South America, was also deeply impressed by this mountain and wrote a poem called "The Reverie of Mount Chimborazo". In it, he is said to have stood on the top of a mountain and envisioned the future of the liberated Americas. Climbing a mountain while feeling the thoughts of the figures who became a turning point in history will be an intellectual experience that goes beyond mere sports.
  
  
  

  Amazing ecosystems and wildlife
  
  

  Mount Chimborazo and its surroundings were declared a national park in 1987 to protect a rich ecosystem. In particular, not to be missed is the herd of vicuñas that live on the slopes of the mountains. A wild relative of llamas and alpacas, this graceful animal was once threatened with extinction due to overfishing, but thanks to successful conservation efforts, about 5,000 now live in the area.

  It is also interesting to see the vegetation that changes depending on the altitude, and the alpine meadow called the páramo is inhabited by the oddly shaped flyrihon (giant senecio) and unique plants such as lobelia. Observing the ecosystem as the altitude increases will be a special experience for those interested in biology.
  
  
  

  Practical info: how to visit and when to go
  
  

  Access to Mount Chimborazo is about a one-hour drive from the Ecuadorian city of Riobamba. A paved road leads to the entrance of the national park. The entrance fee is about $2 for foreign tourists.

  The best time to climb is during the dry season, from December to February, but it's a good idea to check the latest local updates as weather patterns are changing due to climate change. General trekking is possible all year round, but be careful during the rainy season as road conditions deteriorate.

  Even if you don't aim to reach the top, you can enjoy the charm of the mountain on various levels, such as trekking through the national park and strolling through the scenery from "El Alejar" at the entrance to the park. In particular, the hike to the "Refugio Curry Has" is an easy option to challenge even if you are not used to the alpine environment.
  
  
  

  Conclusion: Encounters with dignified mountains
  
  

  Mount Chimborazo is a sacred mountain for the local indigenous people and has been revered as "Taita Chimborazo" (Chimborazo the Father). When tackling the mountains, it is important to understand their cultural background and treat them with respect.

  When planning your trip to Ecuador, look not only at the Galapagos and the Amazon, but also at this white giant of the Andes. The special experience of standing at the farthest point from the center of the earth will surely be a treasure of your life.

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  Cuenca

  EcuadorSouth America

  Cuenca is a beautiful city nestled in the bosom of the Andes Mountains in southern Ecuador, at an altitude of 2,500 meters. Known by locals as "Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca" (Cuenca of Saint Ana of the Four Rivers), the city was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999 for its historic centre of colonial architecture and rich cultural heritage. Located about 450 kilometers south of the capital Quito, the city is known as the "Cultural Capital of Ecuador" and is home to many treasures that captivate visitors.
  
  
  

  A beautiful old town where time seems to have stopped
  
  

  The main attraction of Cuenca is the perfectly preserved colonial cityscape. Built during the Spanish colonial era in the 16th century, the Catedral Nueva (New Cathedral) is a symbol of the city with its blue dome and pure white exterior walls. Once inside, the altar decorated with Italian marble and the stained glass windows made in Germany are a delight to the eye.

  The cobblestone streets that stretch around Calderón Park are lined with colonial-era buildings with balconies, creating a picturesque landscape wherever you walk. In particular, "Flores Street" is a popular photo spot for travelers because of its rows of buildings hung with colorful flowers.

  In addition, there are churches that reflect the architectural style of each era, such as the "Cathedral Vieja (Old Cathedral)" and the "Church of Immaculada Concepción", and it is also an attraction of this city that walking around the city is a historical exploration.
  
  
  

  The home of the unknown "Panama hat"
  
  

  Did you know that the straw hat, known worldwide as the "Panama hat", is actually produced in Ecuador, especially around Cuenca? In the 19th century, it became known as the "Panama Hat" because it was used by workers during the construction of the Panama Canal, but its original name was "Sombrero de Paja Toquilla".

  At the Panama Hut Museum in Cuenca, you can learn about its history and the handmade process. In particular, the finest hat "Montechristi Superfino" takes several months to knit and is also called "the art of straw" because of its delicacy. As a souvenir, if you buy it directly on site, you can get a good quality one at a fair price.
  
  
  

  A beautiful landscape of four rivers
  
  

  Cuenca is served by four rivers – Tomabamba, Yanuncaj, Tarqui and Machangara. In particular, the "Rio Tomabamba Promenade" along the Tomabamba River is a place of relaxation for locals, with beautiful tree-lined avenues and benches.

  The view of the river from the Puente Lotto (Broken Bridge) is exceptional, and on the opposite bank there is an observation deck called the "Bird's Eye" that offers a panoramic view of the city of Cuenca. A walk along the river is a valuable respite from the hustle and bustle, allowing you to spend some quiet time away from the hustle and bustle.
  
  
  

  World-class museums and living culture
  
  

  Cuenca has the title of "Cultural Capital of the United States" and has a full range of museums and cultural facilities. In particular, the Pumpapapa Ethnographic Museum is an excellent facility that introduces indigenous cultures from various parts of Ecuador. In the Museum of Modern Art, you can admire the works of leading artists of Ecuador.

  The local crafts are also an attraction not to be missed. There are also many facilities where you can observe craft techniques that have been passed down from generation to generation, such as delicate silverwork called filigree and colorful textiles, and participate in workshops. In particular, at the Centro Interamericanano de Artesanias, you can see demonstrations of traditional crafts.
  
  
  

  Scenic spots in the area
  
  

  The area around Cuenca is dotted with attractions that can be visited on a full-day trip. In particular, "Cajas National Park" is a masterpiece of alpine lakes and strange rocks at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. In addition, the "Inca Pilca Ruins" is the largest Inca archaeological site in Ecuador and is a valuable opportunity to experience the history of the Andes.

  The spa town, known as "Bibljan", is located about 20 minutes from Cuenca, where you can spend a luxurious time looking at the Andean mountains while soaking in the warm water. It is perfect for relieving the fatigue of a day's sightseeing.
  
  
  

  Practical Information: How to Visit and Enjoy
  
  

  Cuenca can be reached in about 45 minutes by plane from Quito or about 8 hours by long-distance bus. It has a mild climate called "Eterna Primavera" (eternal spring), and it is easy to visit throughout the year.

  The popular accommodation is the "boutique hotel" that has been renovated from an old mansion. In particular, the "Mansion Alcazar" and "Hotel Santa Lucía" in the old town are comfortable while enjoying the atmosphere of the colonial era.

  The local cuisine is also not to be missed. You'll enjoy unique Andean flavors such as 'rochero cuencano' (potato soup with cheese and avocado) and 'cui asado' (roasted guinea pig). Eating at a market full of locals, especially on weekends, is a great opportunity to experience authentic Ecuadorian culture.
  
  
  

  Conclusion: A City of Slow Life and Culture
  
  

  With many Spanish schools and a long-term stay, Cuenca has been described as "the best place in the world for retirement". The reason for this is the moderate climate, the safe environment, and above all, the charm of the "slow life" where time flows slowly without rushing.

  When traveling to Ecuador, be sure to visit not only the capital city of Quito, but also Cuenca, the jewel box of this culture. The real Ecuador is waiting for you.

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  Malecon 2000

  EcuadorSouth America

  If you visit Guayaquil, Ecuador’s largest city, you cannot miss the magnificent boardwalk “Malecón 2000” that stretches along the Guayas River. Once a dangerous and rundown riverside area, it has been transformed through an urban renewal project into one of South America’s most beautiful public spaces. This 2.5 km boardwalk, a source of pride for locals and a symbol of Guayaquil, offers a unique spot where you can experience the city’s past, present, and future all at once.
  
  
  

  A place where the stories of the river and the city intersect.
  
  

  This urban renewal project, which started in 1998 and was completed in 2000, was named “Malecón 2000” in honor of its completion year. The boardwalk along the Guayas River is a space where Guayaquil’s history—as a prosperous port town since colonial times—harmoniously merges with modern development. A walk along the river reveals monuments that recount Ecuador’s history alternated with contemporary facilities, ensuring that visitors are never bored.

  Especially at dusk, the sunset reflected on the river and the city lights of Guayaquil create an enchanting scene. It’s no wonder that locals say, “If you want to see the colorful soul of Guayaquil, watch the twilight along the Malecón.”
  
  
  

  Tropical Garden and Sculpture Forest
  
  

  One of the attractions of Malecón 2000 is its beautiful garden, lush with tropical plants. The “Botanical Garden” area, lined with vividly colored tropical flowers and towering palm trees, is an ideal spot to take a break from the intense heat of Guayaquil.

  Also not to be missed are the numerous artworks scattered throughout the boardwalk. In particular, sculptures by renowned Ecuadorian artists express the nation's cultural identity. In the circular plaza known as “La Rota,” there is a monument depicting the historic meeting between South American liberation heroes Simón Bolívar and San Martín, which has become a popular photo spot for many tourists.
  
  
  

  Attractions Enjoyable for Everyone, from Children to Adults.
  
  

  Malecón 2000 is not just a promenade. It offers a diverse array of attractions that families can enjoy all day long.

  At the 'IMAX Theater,' you can enjoy the latest 3D films, while a modern glass-clad building known as the 'Crystal Palace' brings together exhibition spaces and restaurants. A particular favorite among children is the 'Children's Playground' on the north side of the promenade, featuring colorful play structures and a small Ferris wheel that draws many families on weekends.

  Also, a giant Ferris wheel known as 'La Perla (The Pearl)' was completed in 2020 and has become a new landmark in Guayaquil. From 57 meters high, it offers a magnificent panorama of both the Guayas River and the cityscape of Guayaquil.
  
  
  

  The Temptation of Gourmet Delights and Shopping
  
  

  Malecón 2000 is also a place to fully experience Ecuador’s culinary heritage. Along the promenade, restaurants and food courts serve traditional dishes such as 'ceviche' and 'encocado' (a fish dish with coconut sauce) prepared with fresh seafood.

  A particular highlight is the food market known as 'Mercado del Río.' Here, you can enjoy a variety of dishes made with local ingredients at affordable prices, and sharing a table with locals is one of the true pleasures of travel.

  For shopping enthusiasts, 'Shopping Malecón' is not to be missed. It brings together a variety of stores, from local craft shops to global brands, where you can find souvenirs such as Ecuadorian-made Panama hats, chocolates, and balsawood crafts.
  
  
  

  A Gateway to a Deeper Understanding of Guayaquil
  
  

  The allure of Malecón 2000 extends into the city of Guayaquil itself. At the southern end of the promenade begins the 437-step staircase of 'Santa Ana Hill,' which leads to the colorful 'Las Peñas' district that blankets the hillside. The view from the top is breathtaking, offering a panoramic vista of the entire city.

  Moreover, from the northern end, you can reach the city’s oldest area, 'Seminario Park,' and the neo-Gothic 'Metropolitan Cathedral' on foot. Seminario Park, famous for its freely roaming iguanas, offers a unique natural experience right in the midst of the city.
  
  
  

  Practical information and visiting tips
  
  

  Although Malecón 2000 is open 24 hours, it is safest to enjoy it during the day and early evening. Particularly on weekend evenings, the area teems with local families, offering an authentic taste of Guayaquil’s atmosphere.

  Free Wi-Fi hotspots, friendly to tourists, are available throughout the area, and the entire promenade is safeguarded by private security, making it relatively safe. However, you still need to be cautious with your valuables.

  Given Guayaquil’s hot and humid climate, be sure to wear a hat, use sunscreen, and stay hydrated when visiting during the day. Free water stations are also available along the promenade.
  
  
  

  In Conclusion: As a Symbol of Urban Regeneration
  
  

  Malecón 2000 is more than just a tourist spot—it’s a symbolic space that demonstrates urban regeneration and potential. An area once in ruins has been transformed into a beautiful public space that now stands as a shining example of successful urban planning, garnering global attention.

  If you visit Guayaquil, take the time to feel the riverside breeze at Malecón 2000 and experience the story that connects the city’s past with its future alongside the locals. It will undoubtedly become a cherished memory of your South American journey.

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  Baños de Agua Santa

  EcuadorSouth America

  Baños de Agua Santa is located in central Ecuador, at the junction of the Andes and the Amazon. Nestled at the foot of the active Tungurahua volcano, this small town—known as both the 'Adventure Capital' and the 'Gateway to Heaven'—is South America’s premier destination for adventure and healing. Blessed with a mild climate at 1,800 meters above sea level, Baños is an ideal destination year-round, captivating every traveler with its thrilling activities and soothing hot springs.
  
  
  

  Roaring Waterfalls and Canyon Trails — An Adventure with Breathtaking Views
  
  

  One of Baños’ signature attractions is the 'Pailón del Diablo' (Devil’s Cauldron), located about 18 km from town. Watching the Pasta Seca River—the source of the Amazon—plunge 80 meters with a thunderous roar is truly spectacular. Suspension bridges and cave-like passages that bring you close to the falls offer an almost cinematic, otherworldly experience.

  Along the Pasta Seca River from Baños lies the 'Ruta de las Cascadas' (Waterfall Route), dotted with as many as 14 waterfalls of varying sizes. This trail is popular for downhill cycling tours, and you can enjoy breathtaking views of canyons and waterfalls from cable cars and a giant aerial swing along the way. In particular, the 'Mant de la Novia' (Bride’s Veil) waterfall enchants many photography enthusiasts with its delicate beauty.
  
  
  

  A Thrilling Mecca for Adventure Sports
  
  

  Baños is renowned as South America’s premier destination for adventure sports. Thanks to the many tour operators spread throughout town, visitors can experience a wide variety of adrenaline-pumping activities.

  Rafting is especially popular—offering thrills on the turbulent Pasta Seca River from Class 3 for beginners up to Class 4+ for more experienced rafters. Additionally, canyoning, where you descend directly down waterfalls, is a unique Baños experience. The exhilarating rush of sliding down nature’s own water slide is sure to become a lifelong memory.

  For those craving even greater adventures, paragliding, bungee jumping, and zip-lining are also available. In particular, the bungee jump from the 'Cable Car del Fin del Mundo' (the Cable Car at the End of the World) offers the ultimate thrill, complete with a breathtaking view overlooking the canyon.
  
  
  

  The Blessings of the Volcano — Healing Hot Springs and Thermal Pools
  
  

  'Baños' means 'baths' in Spanish, and true to its name, the town is blessed with an abundance of hot springs warmed by volcanic activity. In particular, several thermal facilities in central Baños—such as 'El Salto' and 'Santa Clara'—allow you to soak in mineral-rich waters while experiencing the full benefits of the volcano’s gifts.

  Locals believe that these hot spring waters have a range of healing properties. In particular, sulfur-rich springs are said to be effective against skin conditions and joint pain, drawing visitors from afar for their therapeutic benefits. Some hot springs open as early as 5 AM, and bathing amid the morning mist is a truly mystical experience.
  
  
  

  The Town of the Virgin — Tales of Faith and Miracles
  
  

  As its official name 'Baños de Agua Santa' (Baños of the Holy Water) implies, this town is also a center of faith. Dominating the center of town is the Basilica, dedicated to the 'Virgin of Water,' who is believed to have saved the town from the Tungurahua volcano’s eruption in 1904.

  Inside the church, the walls are adorned with depictions of numerous miracles attributed to the Virgin’s protection, drawing many pilgrims even today. At night, the plaza in front of the church is lit up, bustling with locals and tourists alike, turning the entire town into a festive celebration.
  
  
  

  Practical Travel Information — How to Get There and Tips for Your Stay
  
  

  Banyos is easily accessible by bus—about 3.5 hours from Ecuador's capital, Quito, and roughly 5 hours from the tourist city of Cuenca. Although the town itself is small enough to explore on foot, renting a bicycle (around $10 per day) or using the local bus (approximately $2) is convenient for visiting waterfalls.

  Accommodation options range from backpacker hostels to luxurious spa hotels. In particular, 'Luna Lunta' and 'Sanguei Spa Hotel' are popular choices that offer both comfort and a local ambiance.

  Dining in Banyos lets you enjoy local flavors such as 'Melococha'—a sugar candy enriched with volcanic minerals—and 'Kaimad,' a hot cocktail made with cinnamon and sugarcane.
  
  
  

  In conclusion: At the boundary between heaven and hell

  Nestled at the foot of an active volcano, Banyos might initially appear to be a risky place, yet its blessings have transformed it into a paradise for both healing and adventure. This enchanting town, where the Andes meet the Amazon, adventure blends with relaxation, and the sacred intersects with the profane, is sure to captivate any traveler's heart. Consider including this 'gateway to paradise' in your South American travel plans.

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  Otavalo Market

  EcuadorSouth America

  Approximately two hours north of Quito, Ecuador’s capital, nestled in the heart of the Andes lies the small town of Otavalo. It is world-renowned for its indigenous handicraft market, Mercado Artesanal, which boasts the largest scale and finest quality in South America. On Saturdays, the entire town transforms into an enormous market, where locals in vibrant traditional dress and travelers from around the world come together to celebrate a true festival of 'living culture.'
  
  
  

  Surrender to a Flood of Colors
  
  

  The greatest allure of the Otavalo Market is its overwhelming richness of color. Fabrics and garments dyed with vivid hues born from the Andes’ sky and earth are arrayed in such abundance that they create a scene resembling a rainbow descended upon the land.

  At the heart of the market, known as the 'Plaza de Ponchos,' a collection of exquisite pieces crafted using the Otavalo people’s traditional ikat weaving technique comes together. With intricate designs and meticulous craftsmanship passed down through generations, these items are not mere souvenirs but indeed qualify as works of art.

  As the locals proudly proclaim, 'the colors of these textiles never fade'—thanks to a dyeing process that insists on natural materials which retain their vibrancy for decades. Hang just one piece in your room, and it will transform your everyday space into an exotically enchanting setting, like nothing short of magic.
  
  
  

  A Treasure Hunt Shopping Experience
  
  

  The allure of the Otavalo Market goes beyond the quality of its wares. Its astounding variety and the treasure hunt experience of uncovering hidden gems are what captivate so many travelers.
  
  

  The main items available at the market are as follows.

  • Vibrantly colored tapestries and tablecloths woven from wool and cotton.
  • Warm, hand-knit sweaters and shawls made from alpaca wool.
  • Tote bags and backpacks adorned with traditional patterns.
  • Exquisitely handcrafted instruments (such as pan flutes and charangos).
  • Hand-carved wooden masks and ornaments.
  • Vivid, colorful traditional costumes and indigenous jewelry.

  Ask a vendor, 'How is this made?' and many will proudly explain their craft, turning the encounter into a cultural exchange rather than just shopping. Prices aren’t fixed because bargaining is part of the culture. A typical transaction results in a 20–30% discount off the initial price, so be sure to negotiate with a smile and a spirit of mutual respect.
  
  
  

  A Market Experience to Engage All Your Senses
  
  

  The Otavalo Market isn’t just a feast for the eyes. The gentle melodies of pan flutes, the aroma of freshly baked empanadas, the sweetness of fresh fruits, and the soft texture of wool are all there to delight your senses.

  In the food section located in a corner of the market, you can savor the home-cooked dishes that locals enjoy every day. In particular, the 'Caldo de 31' (a soup made with offal and potatoes) eaten on Saturday mornings serves as a source of energy for locals. Additionally, you’ll find a full array of Andean flavors, including dishes like 'Loco de Papa' (a potato soup with cheese and avocado) and 'Orñiad' (pork roasted over an open flame).
  
  
  

  A Cultural Experience Beyond the Market
  
  

  If you're visiting Otavalo, you should venture beyond the market to explore the surrounding area as well. Within walking distance of the market, there are weaving workshops and instrument-making facilities where you can observe traditional craft processes. In particular, at the 'Miguel Andrés Workshop' you even have the chance to witness live demonstrations using indigenous traditional looms.

  Additionally, on Saturday early mornings an 'Animal Market' is held on the outskirts of town, where local farmers trade livestock—a rare opportunity to catch a glimpse of a way of life that remains uncommercialized.

  Furthermore, if you venture a bit farther, you can experience natural wonders revered as sacred by the Otavalo people, such as the mysterious 'Quicoccha Lake' (a lake formed in a volcanic crater) and the power spot 'Pueguaji Waterfall,' where natural energies coalesce.
  
  
  

  Practical Information: How to Visit and Enjoy
  
  

  Otavalo is accessible by a direct bus from Quito in about 2 hours (roughly $2.50 each way), or via a local tour. While the market is open every day, it is most bustling on Saturdays. It is recommended to take your time exploring from early morning until evening.

  There is a wide range of accommodations available, from family-run establishments like 'Hostel Dona Esperanza' to boutique hotels such as 'Hotel Ali Shunka.' Spending just one night lets you enjoy different atmospheres—from the quieter, less-crowded market at dusk to the serene, mist-enshrouded plaza in the early morning.
  
  
  

  In Conclusion
  
  

  The Otavalo market isn’t just a shopping destination; it’s a living museum where you can truly feel over 500 years of Andean indigenous culture. The textiles and handicrafts you acquire here will not only serve as mementos of your South American journey but also as treasured keepsakes imbued with the pride and skill of their creators.

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  Cotopaxi National Park

  EcuadorSouth America

  Its perfectly conical shape, cloaked in pure white snow, is one of the most iconic sights in South America. Located about 50 km south of Quito, Ecuador’s capital, Cotopaxi Volcano (5,897 m) along with the surrounding Cotopaxi National Park—which preserves its environs—offers a unique place to experience the grandeur and mystery of nature. True to its name, which means 'Angry Head' in an indigenous language, it remains one of the world’s most active volcanoes while continually captivating travelers with its unparalleled beauty.
  
  
  

  Breathtaking Scenery: Cotopaxi, the King Above the Clouds
  
  

  The centerpiece of Cotopaxi National Park (approximately 33,400 hectares) is, without a doubt, Cotopaxi Volcano. Its perfect conical form and pristine white cap can be seen from more than 100 km away in Quito on a clear day, making it an iconic symbol for Ecuadorians.

  Throughout the park, several viewpoints offer varied perspectives of this majestic volcano. In particular, the view from a small lake known as 'Laguna Limpio Pongo' is exceptional—the reflection of Cotopaxi in its waters captivates photography enthusiasts and creates a breathtaking sight. Bathed in the glow of sunrise or sunset, the mountain’s silhouette promises a view that will be remembered for a lifetime.
  
  
  

  Summiting the Volcano: A Dream Destination for Adventurers
  
  

  Although Cotopaxi is technically one of the more accessible high mountains, its altitude and glaciers make reaching the summit a genuine challenge. Starting from the refuge 'Jose Ribas' at 4,500 m, climbers depart at night and strive for the peak with the sunrise; this epitomizes the very essence of mountain adventure. The view from the summit not only provides an unmatched sense of achievement but also the unique privilege of surveying Ecuador’s vast landscapes.

  With an experienced local guide and proper equipment, even travelers with limited climbing experience can take on the challenge. However, prior acclimatization and physical training are essential. Even if you don’t aim for the summit, trekking out to the refuge alone offers a sufficiently adventurous experience.
  
  
  

  Encounters with Wildlife: The Páramo Ecosystem
  
  

  The allure of Cotopaxi National Park extends far beyond its volcano. The entire park is covered by a high-altitude grassland known as the 'páramo,' which is home to a variety of unique flora and fauna. If you're lucky, you may even encounter wildlife such as the Andean fox, deer, spectacled bear (also known as the Andean bear), and condors.

  Particularly unusual are the small hummingbirds that have adapted to high altitudes and the sight of wild rabbits covered in fluffy fur. Additionally, unique highland plants such as the giant succulent known as 'Frailion' and the golden 'Cuscoa' grass are highlights in their own right. A walk with a nature guide offers fascinating insights into this distinctive ecosystem.
  
  
  

  A Treasure Trove of Activities: A Paradise for Adventure Sports
  
  

  At Cotopaxi National Park, there are plenty of activities to enjoy besides mountaineering. Whether it's mountain biking, horseback riding, or trekking, you can choose an adventure that suits your physical stamina and spirit of exploration.

  One of the most popular experiences is a horseback tour along the volcano's slopes—a luxurious program where you can ride while watching wild herds of horses gallop across the grasslands. Recently, downhill mountain biking starting from the volcano’s base has also attracted attention, offering a thrilling descent.
  
  
  

  Practical Information for Your Visit: Access and the Best Season
  
  

  Cotopaxi National Park is about a two-hour drive from Quito, and it’s common to get there by switching between public buses and local taxis or by joining a tour. There is an entrance fee (around $10) at the park’s gateway, but it is well worth it.

  Within the park, there are lodge-style accommodations such as 'Tambopaxi' that allow you to spend a night under the starry sky. However, because of the high altitude, temperatures can plummet at night, so be sure to come prepared with proper warm clothing.

  The best time to visit is during the dry season, from June to September. During this period, the chances of clear skies are high, increasing your likelihood of witnessing Cotopaxi in all its glory. While visits during the rainy season are also possible, mornings often break with sunshine, so an early start is recommended.
  
  
  

  A Dialogue with Nature That Leaves an Indelible Mark on Your Soul
  
  

  An experience at Cotopaxi National Park offers so much more than ordinary sightseeing. As you stand in awe of the majestic volcano and fill your lungs with the crisp, high-altitude air, you will feel both the grandeur of nature and your own smallness in comparison.

  Confronting the giant of the Andes, Cotopaxi, and spending time at its base will provide you with an experience that liberates you from everyday life. If you visit Ecuador, there’s no reason not to explore this magnificent natural treasury. Why not set out to meet the silvery monarch shining in the Andes?

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  Mitad del Mundo

  EcuadorSouth America

  Have you heard of a place where you can experience the wonder of standing simultaneously in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? Located about 25 km north of Quito, Ecuador’s capital, in the Andean highlands, 'Mitad del Mundo'—true to its name, the 'Middle of the World'—is a unique attraction built right on the equator, drawing travelers from all over the world with its blend of geographic and scientific allure.
  
  
  

  A Mysterious World Created by a Single Line
  
  

  At the heart of Mitad del Mundo is a red line drawn on the ground, around which stands a massive 30-meter-tall monument. This line marks the equator (0° latitude), literally dividing the Earth into northern and southern halves. A popular photo opportunity here is to stand with one foot on each side of the line and proclaim, 'I am standing on both hemispheres of the Earth at the same time!'—a pose that guarantees an Instagram-worthy shot.

  However, the allure of Mitad del Mundo is not limited to photo opportunities. Its unique location right on the equator allows visitors to experience a variety of fascinating physical phenomena firsthand.
  
  
  

  The Equator Museum: Experiencing the Wonders of Science
  
  

  Within the premises, the Equator Museum (Museo Intiñan) offers experiments demonstrating scientific phenomena observable only on the equator. The most popular experiment is that of the Coriolis Effect, which shows that water swirls clockwise on the northern side of the equator and counterclockwise on the southern side—even a small shift of a few meters changes the water’s direction, much to the amazement of visitors.

  Furthermore, because gravity is slightly weaker right on the equator, there’s even an experiment where you can balance a raw egg on the head of a nail. Even if you start off skeptical, succeeding with your own hands is bound to inspire exclamations of delight.
  
  
  

  An Ethnographic Museum Showcasing the History of Sun Worship
  
  

  Mitad del Mundo also features an ethnographic museum that introduces the culture of Ecuador’s indigenous peoples. Particularly noteworthy is the ancient astronomical wisdom based on the use of solar calendars—remarkably, even without modern precision instruments, ancient people had already determined the exact position of the equator.

  Inside the museum, exhibits feature traditional dwellings, clothing, and everyday tools of the indigenous peoples, offering insights into Ecuador’s rich cultural diversity. Traditional dance performances by native groups are regularly held, and the vibrant costumes coupled with passionate movements are a must-see.
  
  
  

  A Theme Park Offering Both Breathtaking Scenery and Exquisite Cuisine
  
  

  Mitad del Mundo is designed much like a theme park, offering a variety of attractions beyond just the monument and museum. For instance, an observation deck located on the upper level of the monument provides panoramic views of the surrounding Andes. On clear days, you might even glimpse Cotopaxi, which stands at 5,897 meters.

  Additionally, within the grounds there is a restaurant where you can savor traditional Ecuadorian dishes. Specialties such as 'Loco de Papa' (a potato soup with cheese and avocado) and 'Qui' (roasted guinea pig), enjoyed right on the equator, are exceptional. The gift shop features unique equator-themed merchandise, high-quality Ecuadorian chocolate, and colorful handicrafts, making shopping an enjoyable experience in itself.
  
  
  

  Practical Information: How to Visit and Enjoy
  
  

  From Quito, it’s accessible in about an hour via public bus (approximately $0.8) or a 30-minute taxi ride (around $25). The entrance fee is very reasonable at roughly $5, and guided tours are available in both English and Spanish.

  The ideal time to visit is during the dry season from June to September. Despite being located right on the equator, its elevation of around 2,500 meters keeps temperatures comfortably between 15°C and 25°C year-round, aside from intense sunlight. However, due to the high altitude, the sun can be very strong, so a hat and sunscreen are essential.
  
  
  

  In Conclusion: A Unique Experience to Etch into Your Travel Memories
  
  

  The experience of 'standing in the middle of the Earth' will undoubtedly become an unforgettable memory. Even if you have traveled to many parts of the world, only this equatorial monument allows you to stand with each foot in a different hemisphere. By delving into the wonders of science and reflecting on ancient wisdom, your journey is sure to become even more enriched.

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• 

  Quito’s Old Town

  EcuadorSouth America

  At an altitude of 2,850 meters, Quito, the capital of Ecuador, is cradled by the high plateau of the South American Andes. Its historic center, known as “the best-preserved colonial town in the world,” was the very first site to be designated a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 1978. In this city—often called the world heritage site closest to the sky—you’ll be invited on a journey to experience breathtaking, timeless landscapes and a rich cultural and historical tapestry.
  
  
  

  Glittering golden churches – a jewel of South American Baroque architecture
  
  

  The greatest allure of Quito’s historic center lies in its magnificent church buildings constructed during the 16th and 17th centuries. Among these, the “La Compañía Church,” often hailed as the “jewel of South America,” is a must-see. Its interior is lavishly adorned with over seven tons of gold, and the dazzling brilliance will leave you speechless as soon as you step inside. The intricately carved and gold-leafed altars stand as enduring reminders of the opulence of the Spanish colonial era.

  Don’t miss the Church of San Francisco and its adjoining plaza. This is a place where you can admire the unique “Quito school” of art—a blend of Andean indigenous culture with European styles. Even the statues of angels and saints are skillfully crafted with indigenous facial features and traditional motifs. Every evening, locals gather to feed the pigeons, creating an endearing sight.
  
  
  

  Breathtaking panoramic views – the spectacular skyline of a city in the clouds
  
  

  For an all-encompassing view of Quito’s landscape—aptly called the "center of the world"—head to the hill of El Panecillo. Here stands a 45-meter-tall statue of “Our Lady of the Center of the World,” watching over the city as its guardian. From this lookout, you can enjoy a 360-degree panoramic view of the town nestled among surrounding mountains. At dusk, the contrast between the reddish-brown rooftops and whitewashed walls of the historic center, bathed in the glow of the setting sun, creates an almost otherworldly scene.
  
  
  

  Meandering cobblestone lanes that make you want to get lost
  
  

  The charm of the old town isn’t limited to its famous landmarks. Strolling along narrow cobblestone alleys flanked by colorful colonial buildings is one of the true pleasures of Quito. La Ronda Street, the oldest in the historic center, was once a gathering place for poets and artists. Today, it is lined with artists’ studios, craft shops, and traditional restaurants, and as night falls, the street comes alive with live music and the laughter of locals.
  
  
  

  A living stage of history – Independence Square (Plaza Grande)
  
  

  Located at the heart of the historic center, Independence Square encapsulates the rich history of Quito. It is surrounded by key buildings such as the Presidential Palace, the Cathedral, and City Hall, with a central monument honoring the heroes of independence. On Monday mornings, the changing of the guard at the Presidential Palace, performed by soldiers in colorful uniforms in a solemn ceremony, captivates countless visitors.
  
  
  

  A cultural feast for the senses – Quito’s traditional cuisine
  
  

  While wandering through the historic center, be sure to savor the local flavors. At the market known as “Rocolo,” you can enjoy Ecuadorian traditional dishes alongside fresh fruits and vegetables. In particular, dishes like “Loco de Papa” (a potato soup with cheese and avocado) and “Empanada de Viento” (a light, airy fried pastry) are exquisite treats that will refresh your travel-weary spirit.

  In cafés housed in renovated historic buildings like “Café Plaza Grande,” you can indulge in rich hot chocolate made from high-quality Ecuadorian cocoa, paired with traditional sweets. Enjoying a moment by the window with a view of Independence Square is sure to become a cherished memory of your journey.
  
  
  

  Practical Information: How to Explore the Historic Center
  
  

  Quito’s historic center is quite hilly and, due to its high altitude, the air is thin, so it is advisable to take your time when exploring. The trolley bus “El Centinela,” which makes stops at major attractions, is a convenient option. While the area is relatively safe during the day, be sure to watch your valuables and avoid walking alone at night.

  Please note that many churches and museums charge only a few dollars for entry and are often closed on Mondays. English-guided tours are available at many locations, which can greatly enhance your understanding of the rich historical context.
  
  
  

  In Conclusion
  
  

  Quito’s historic center is not merely a collection of ancient buildings; it is a living cultural heritage that has withstood the test of time. With the beauty of colonial architecture, the grandeur of the Andes, and warm encounters with local people, why not create your own unforgettable South American memories in this extraordinary place?
  
  
  

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• 

  Galapagos Islands

  EcuadorSouth America

  Ecuador’s jewel, the Galápagos Islands—these mysterious isles floating in the Pacific are brimming with a brilliance of life unlike anywhere else, much like a modern-day 'Lost World.' Here, humans and wildlife coexist at astonishingly close quarters, offering an experience that feels straight out of a scientific documentary.
  
  
  

  An evolutionary laboratory afloat in the Pacific
  
  

  Located roughly 1,000 km off the coast of mainland Ecuador in the Pacific, the Galápagos Islands consist of 13 major islands and dozens of smaller islets. All of these islands were born from volcanic activity, and you can still feel the pulsating heartbeat of the earth. At Sierra Negra on Isla Isabela, a dramatic landscape unfolds, showcasing the awe-inspiring creative power of our planet.
  
  
  

  It’s like another world! Astonishing wildlife awaits
  
  

  The greatest attraction of the Galápagos Islands is the opportunity to encounter wildlife that is unafraid of humans. On the beaches, marine iguanas bask in the sun, indifferent to your presence, and beneath the waves, you can experience swimming alongside adorable Galápagos penguins and sea lions.

  In particular, encountering what is known as the “Galápagos Big Five” will leave an everlasting impression on your heart.
  
  

  • Galapagos Giant Tortoise • The giant tortoise, which can weigh up to 250 kg, ambles along as it grazes and can live for over 100 years! At the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz Island, you can also observe ongoing conservation efforts.
  • Marine iguana The world's only iguana that dives underwater to feast on seaweed. Its glossy, dark silhouette gathering among the rocky outcrops is a breathtaking sight.
  • Blue-footed booby A bird with striking blue feet performing an impressive courtship dance. Its comically charming mating display on Espanola Island is sure to bring a smile to your face.
  • Darwin's finch Tiny birds whose beak shapes vary from island to island. As living proof of evolution, they are a must-see for birdwatching enthusiasts.
  • Galápagos sea lion With their inquisitive nature, they might even swim alongside you while snorkeling! The sight of the young frolicking with their mothers is truly heartwarming.

  
  

  A once-in-a-lifetime experience! Best season and how to make the most of it
  
  

  The Galapagos Islands can be visited year-round, but the best season depends on your objectives.
  
  

  • December to May (warm season) With rising sea temperatures and increased water clarity, it's the perfect time for snorkeling and diving. This special season also offers views of seal pups and sea turtles nesting.
  • June to November (cool season) Abundant plankton boosts marine life activity, notably increasing the chances of encountering whales and dolphins.

  If you’re planning to enjoy the Galapagos, island hopping by cruise ship is highly recommended. It allows you to efficiently experience the unique landscapes and endemic species of each island. Additionally, you can opt to stay on islands like Santa Cruz or San Cristobal and visit the others on day tours.
  
  
  

  A Promise to Nature: Sustainable Travel
  
  

  To protect this untouched paradise, tourism is strictly regulated. Visitors are allowed to walk only on designated routes with certified guides, and they are required to maintain a distance of at least two meters from wildlife.

  The entrance fee to Galapagos National Park (approximately 100 dollars) goes directly toward conservation efforts across the archipelago. As environmentally conscious travelers, it is essential for each visitor to minimize the use of plastics and choose sunscreens that do not harm the ecosystem.
  
  
  

  Walking Through the History of Science
  
  

  In 1835, the sights witnessed by the young Charles Darwin on these islands sparked revolutionary ideas that later culminated in ‘On the Origin of Species.’ Today, at the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz Island, you can learn about that scientific legacy and the ongoing conservation efforts.
  
  
  

  Now, Get Ready for an Adventure
  
  

  A journey to the Galapagos is not merely about sightseeing—it’s an immersive experience into the mysteries of life and the story of evolution on our planet. In this exceptional destination, heartwarming encounters with wildlife and breathtaking landscapes await you. Why not take that unforgettable first step into an adventure in the Galapagos, nature’s masterpiece?
  
  
  

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• 

  Tiwanaku Ruins

  BoliviaSouth America

  In western Bolivia, the Tiwanaku archaeological site, located at an altitude of approximately 3,850 meters in the Andes, is the remains of an important pre-Columbian ancient city. Its origins can be traced back to around 300 BC, reaching its peak between AD 500 and 900.
  
  

  The Tiwanaku civilization flourished before the Inca civilization and is known as one of the most influential cultures in the Andean region. This site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980, attracting the attention of archaeologists and tourists worldwide as an important South American archaeological treasure.
  
  

  At the heart of the site stands a massive stone gateway known as the ‘Gate of the Sun,’ carved from a single rock. Adorned with sculptures that are believed to symbolize the sun deity, and showcasing intricate stonemasonry and symbolic imagery, it is inferred to have been the religious and cultural center of the Tiwanaku civilization.
  
  

  In addition, within the site there are enormous, pyramid-like platform structures known as Akapana, as well as a Semi-subterranean Temple. Particularly, the Semi-subterranean Temple features various sculptures of human faces embedded in its walls, whose enigmatic expressions captivate visitors.
  
  

  There are various theories regarding the downfall of the Tiwanaku civilization, with several factors—including drought, environmental changes, and social upheaval—believed to have intermingled. Excavations at the Tiwanaku site continue to this day, and its mysteries have not yet been fully unraveled.
  
  

  Located about an hour and a half by car from La Paz with excellent accessibility, the site attracts many tourists. As visitors tour the ruins, they can sense the mystique and profound history of Andean civilization. The Tiwanaku site continues to be recognized as a culturally significant highlight in Bolivian tourism.
  
  

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• 

  Valley of the Moon

  BoliviaSouth America

  Valle de la Luna, located on the outskirts of La Paz—the administrative capital of Bolivia in South America—is a world-renowned tourist attraction famous for its mysterious landscapes. Being only about 10 kilometers, or a 20- to 30-minute drive, from downtown La Paz makes it a frequent destination for many travelers.
  
  

  The most remarkable feature of Valle de la Luna lies in its distinctive terrain. Over countless years of erosion by wind and rain, the area has developed a breathtaking landscape of bizarre rock formations and towering spires that evoke the surface of the Moon. With its soft, clay-like soil vulnerable to the elements, its appearance continues to evolve gradually even today.
  
  

  It is said that the name of the area originates from astronaut Neil Armstrong, who, upon visiting in 1969, remarked that the landscape looked like the surface of the Moon. In person, the bizarre yet stunning rock formations create an otherworldly scene that overwhelms visitors with its beauty and mystery.
  
  

  Tourists can stroll through the valley along well-maintained walkways. The paths are relatively easy to traverse, and several lookout points provide excellent views. At dusk in particular, as the setting sun bathes the valley in golden and red hues, it creates one of the most beautiful moments of the day.
  
  

  Around Valle de la Luna, cacti and shrubs are scattered throughout, showcasing plants adapted to the arid climate. Additionally, wild birds and small animals inhabit the area, so with a bit of luck you might encounter some of this local wildlife during your walk.
  
  

  Due to its convenient access, Valle de la Luna is extremely popular as a day-trip destination from La Paz. Many tour companies depart from the city, often including visits to nearby villages and scenic outlooks along with the valley.
  
  

  However, due to its unique geological features, Valle de la Luna enforces strict regulations for visitors in the interest of environmental protection. Straying from the designated paths or damaging the rocks is prohibited, and visitors are asked to help preserve this unique landscape for future generations.
  
  

  Bolivia’s Valle de la Luna is a unique destination that can be reached in a short time away from the urban hustle and bustle. Its overwhelming and mystical scenery leaves a profound impression on visitors, making it an unforgettable highlight of any trip to Bolivia.
  
  

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• 

  Uyuni Salt Flats

  BoliviaSouth America

  Located at an altitude of approximately 3,700 meters in Bolivia, Salar de Uyuni is renowned as the world’s largest salt flat. Covering an area of about 10,582 square kilometers, the endless expanse of pristine white salt draws visitors into a fantastical world.
  
  

  The salt flat’s greatest appeal lies in its breathtaking 'mirror of the sky.' During the rainy season (December through March), a thin layer of water forms on the flat, and on calm days, the surface reflects the sky like a mirror. This creates an illusion as if heaven and earth have been inverted—the horizon disappears and the sky and land merge into a mystical panorama. In recent years, this phenomenon has attracted tourists from all over the world, making it an especially popular destination.
  
  

  Salar de Uyuni was formed by the drying up of the prehistoric giant lake, Minchin, and is now also known for the abundant lithium resources hidden beneath its thick salt crust. Approximately 10 billion tons of salt have accumulated across the flat, with about 25,000 tons being harvested annually. This salt is supplied for culinary use both domestically and internationally, and within Bolivia it is also utilized as a building material, even in the construction of hotels and other tourist facilities made entirely of salt.
  
  

  Around the salt flat, there are accommodations known as 'salt hotels,' where, as the name suggests, much of the building—including walls and beds—is constructed from blocks of salt. Here, guests can enjoy a uniquely immersive lodging experience that is specific to the salt flat, making it a popular destination among tourists.
  
  

  The base for exploring Salar de Uyuni is the small town of Uyuni, located adjacent to the salt flat. Once a thriving hub for mining and railway transport, Uyuni now serves as the gateway for salt flat tourism, with numerous tour companies, lodging options, and eateries lining its streets. Tourists use the town as a starting point to explore the salt flat by jeep, enjoying activities such as sunrise and sunset viewings, stargazing, and photography.
  
  
  

  Especially at night, the star-studded sky sprawling above the salt flat is magnificent. Taking advantage of the clear, high-altitude air, stargazing tours are very popular. The Milky Way, the Southern Cross, and countless stars shine as if raining down, creating a spectacle that will be deeply etched in the memory of all who witness it.
  
  

  Additionally, the area surrounding Salar de Uyuni is rich in natural environments. There are volcanic zones, vibrant lagoons, and sites home to rare wildlife such as Andean flamingos. Many visitors also join excursion tours to explore these natural attractions alongside their visit to the salt flat.
  
  
  

  In recent years, the mining of the abundant lithium resources of the Salar de Uyuni has attracted worldwide attention. Lithium is an essential resource for the production of batteries for smartphones and electric vehicles, and the Bolivian government is carefully developing it to maximize its economic benefits while aiming for sustainable development. However, the impact of this mining on the environment and tourism of salt lakes is still controversial.
  
  

  Access to the Uyuni Salt Flats is available by bus or plane from major cities such as La Paz and Sucre. In recent years, transportation options have been gradually improved to accommodate the increasing number of tourists, but during the high season when travelers flock to the area, accommodations and tour bookings tend to become crowded, making prior arrangements necessary.
  
  

  Thus, the Uyuni Salt Flats capture the hearts of many travelers with their beautiful scenery and the unique allure of their environment. However, with challenges arising from the increasing number of tourists and the environmental impact of lithium extraction, it is crucial that future tourism and resource development proceed in a sustainable manner.
  
  
  

  Preserving the world-renowned, breathtaking 'Mirror of the Sky' while fostering tourism that contributes to local economic growth will be a key factor for the future of the Uyuni Salt Flats.

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